Every fall, millions of Americans turning 65 or already enrolled in Medicare face a critical time of year — the Medicare Annual Enrollment Period (AEP). It’s when you can review, change, or update your Medicare coverage for the coming year. Think of it as your yearly health insurance “checkup.”
If you’ve ever wondered when to make changes, what you can change, or how to ensure you have the right coverage — this guide will help you understand everything you need to know about AEP.
What Is Medicare Annual Enrollment Period (AEP)?
The Medicare Annual Enrollment Period, or AEP, is the time each year when Medicare beneficiaries can make changes to their Medicare coverage. It’s your once-a-year opportunity to adjust your plan based on your health needs and financial situation.
During AEP, you can:
Switch from Original Medicare to a Medicare Advantage plan.
Change from one Medicare Advantage plan to another.
Go back to Original Medicare (Parts A and B).
Join, switch, or drop a Part D prescription drug plan.
When Is the Medicare Annual Enrollment Period?
The Annual Enrollment Period runs from October 15 to December 7 every year.
Any changes you make during this time take effect on January 1 of the following year.
It’s important to act within this window — missing the deadline means waiting until the next AEP unless you qualify for a Special Enrollment Period (SEP).
Who Is Eligible for AEP?
Anyone already enrolled in Medicare Part A and/or Part B can participate in AEP.
It’s different from your Initial Enrollment Period (IEP) — the time when you first become eligible for Medicare, usually around your 65th birthday.
AEP is for those who are already Medicare beneficiaries and want to review or change their coverage.
What Changes Can You Make During AEP?
Here’s what you can do during the Medicare Annual Enrollment Period:
1. Switch from Original Medicare to Medicare Advantage
If you want all-in-one coverage that includes hospital, medical, and sometimes prescription benefits, AEP is your chance to make the move.
2. Switch from One Medicare Advantage Plan to Another
You can choose a plan that better fits your needs — maybe with lower premiums, a larger provider network, or added benefits like dental and vision.
3. Drop a Medicare Advantage Plan and Return to Original Medicare
If you decide Medicare Advantage isn’t for you, AEP allows you to go back to traditional Medicare.
4. Join, Switch, or Drop a Part D Prescription Drug Plan
Medication needs can change year to year. Reviewing your Part D plan helps ensure your prescriptions are covered at the best price.
Why Reviewing Your Plan Every Year Is Important
Your health and budget may change — and so do Medicare plans.
Insurance companies can modify premiums, copays, provider networks, and drug formularies every year.
Failing to review your plan could cost you more money or limit your access to care.
A quick annual review can ensure you’re still getting the best value for your coverage.
Understanding the Annual Notice of Change (ANOC)
Each fall, your insurance company sends you an Annual Notice of Change (ANOC).
This document outlines all the updates to your plan for the next year — including premiums, benefits, and drug coverage.
Be sure to read your ANOC carefully. Even small changes can affect your coverage or costs.
How to Compare Medicare Plans
When comparing plans, look at:
Coverage: Does the plan include your preferred doctors, hospitals, and medications?
Costs: Compare monthly premiums, deductibles, copays, and out-of-pocket limits.
Ratings: Medicare Star Ratings (1–5) show how well a plan performs in customer service and care quality.
You can use the Medicare Plan Finder on Medicare.gov to compare options side by side.
Common Mistakes to Avoid During AEP
Ignoring your Annual Notice of Change
Waiting until the last minute
Overlooking changes to your prescription drug list
Assuming your current plan is still the best option
Being proactive helps you avoid surprises in the new year.
Medicare Advantage vs. Original Medicare
| Feature | Original Medicare | Medicare Advantage |
|---|---|---|
| Coverage | Part A (Hospital) + Part B (Medical) | All-in-one (Parts A, B & usually D) |
| Provider Network | Any doctor accepting Medicare | Network-based (HMO/PPO) |
| Extra Benefits | Limited | Often includes dental, vision, hearing |
| Out-of-Pocket Limit | No limit | Annual spending cap |
Choose the one that best fits your lifestyle, health needs, and budget.
How Prescription Drug Plans (Part D) Affect Your Costs
Prescription coverage is a vital part of Medicare.
Each plan has its own drug list (formulary) and pricing.
Watch out for the “donut hole” — the coverage gap where you may pay more for your medications after reaching a certain limit.
Compare plans yearly to ensure you’re not overpaying.
How to Get Help With Medicare Decisions
You don’t have to do it alone. You can:
Speak with a licensed Medicare agent for personalized guidance.
Contact your local State Health Insurance Assistance Program (SHIP) for free help.
Call 1-800-MEDICARE for official information.
Getting professional advice can save you time and money.
What Happens If You Miss the AEP Deadline?
If you miss the AEP window, you might have to wait until the next year to make changes — unless you qualify for a Special Enrollment Period due to life changes like moving or losing coverage.
Missing AEP could leave you stuck with a plan that doesn’t fit your needs for an entire year.
Tips for a Smooth Enrollment Process
Review your current plan and ANOC.
Make a list of your medications and doctors.
Compare at least three plans before deciding.
Double-check the network and formulary details.
Enroll early to avoid last-minute issues.
Preparation is key to stress-free enrollment.
Conclusion
The Medicare Annual Enrollment Period is your chance to make sure your healthcare coverage still matches your needs.
By reviewing your plan, comparing options, and making changes before December 7, you’ll set yourself up for peace of mind and confidence in the year ahead.
Don’t wait until it’s too late — take action and make the most of your Medicare benefits this AEP!